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  • Typing romanised English words in above textarea will be converted into Persian.

    For instance:
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    Typing "khosh amadid" will be converted into "خوش آمدید".
    Typing "moteshakkeram" will be converted into "متشکرم".
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Persian Language

Persian, also known as Farsi in Iran, Dari in Afghanistan, and Tajik in Tajikistan, is the official language of three countries[1] with significant linguistic and cultural variations across these regions. Persian is spoken primarily in Iran and Afghanistan[1], with Iran having over 23 million Farsi speakers[1] (approximately 50% of Iran's population) and Afghanistan having more than 5.5 million Dari Persian speakers[1] (25% of the population). As a Western Iranian language, it is part of the broader Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

Persian has approximately 62 million native speakers, ranking it among the world's 20 most widely spoken first languages[2], with another 50 million or more speaking it as a second language[2]. Persian was culturally and historically one of the most prominent languages of the Middle East and regions beyond[1], providing the cultural lingua franca in South Asia until approximately a century ago[2].

The language has a rich literary tradition spanning over a millennium. Persian poetry is the most significant and outstanding accomplishment within Persian civilization's artistic and literary heritage[3], with the great classical Persian poets Ferdowsi, Omar Khayyam, Nezami, Rumi, Sa'di, and Hafez[3] recognized as the jewels in the crown of Persian cultural achievements[3].

Persian is written in the Perso-Arabic script, which flows from Right to Left[4]. The Persian alphabet consists of 32 characters, with 28 similar to Arabic and 4 additional ones exclusive to Persian[5]: پ (pe), چ (che), ژ (zhe), and گ (gaf)[6]. These four letters represent sounds (p, ch, zh, and g) that do not exist in Arabic[5]. Unlike Arabic, Persian writing typically includes more vowels and has adapted the Arabic abjad system to better represent Persian phonology.

  • Persian Letters (32): ا، ب، پ، ت، ث، ج، چ، ح، خ، د، ذ، ر، ز، ژ، س، ش، ص، ض، ط، ظ، ع، غ، ف، ق، ک، گ، ل، م، ن، و، ه، ی
  • Four Unique Persian Letters: پ، چ، ژ، گ (not found in Arabic script)
  • Official Status: The country's official language in Iran, used in government, media, and school instruction; designated as an official language in Afghanistan alongside Pushto
  • Vowels: Persian uses ا (alef), و (vav), and ی (ye) for long vowels; short vowels typically not written
  • Special Features: Ezāfe (ـِ) - unstressed vowel linking words in Persian grammar, rarely written but crucial for syntax
  • Numbers in Persian (Eastern Arabic-Indic Numerals): ۰ (0), ۱ (1), ۲ (2), ۳ (3), ۴ (4), ۵ (5), ۶ (6), ۷ (7), ۸ (8), ۹ (9)
  • Unique Characteristic: Persian has remained remarkably stable over centuries, with speakers able to read and understand texts written over 1,000 years ago, demonstrating the language's continuity and rich literary heritage

References:

Sambhu Raj SinghSambhu Raj Singh · LinkedIn · GitHub · Npm

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