Over 82 million people globally speak Filipino. It is the official language of the Philippines and is primarily based on Tagalog, the most widely spoken language in the country, especially in and around Manila. It is also spoken by Filipino communities in other parts of the world.
Ilocano (also spelled Ilokano, Iloco, or Iluko) is spoken by approximately 9 million people, making it the third most spoken native language in the Philippines. It is primarily spoken in the northwestern part of Luzon, particularly in the Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, and parts of Central Luzon.
Both Filipino and Ilocano are Malayo-Polynesian languages and follow similar sentence structures such as VSO and SVO. However, Ilocano is known for its rich system of verbal affixes and particles, which can differ from standard Filipino usage.
Both languages use the Latin script. Spelling in Ilocano tends to be phonetic, and older generations may remember pre-orthographic reforms that used Spanish-based spelling conventions.
Respect is central to Ilocano culture. Expressions like "Agyamanak" (thank you) and polite phrasing mirror the Filipino use of "po" and "opo". Ilocano society places high value on hard work, thrift, and community responsibility.